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Expand on restricted keys; describe more TPM commands
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Nicolas Williams
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9 changed files with 164 additions and 43 deletions
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@ -95,10 +95,10 @@ key) encrypted to the EKpub and then the attestation client demonstrate
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that it was able to decrypt that with the EK. However, this is not
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_quite_ how attestation protocols work! Instead of plain asymmetric
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encryption the server will use
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[`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](TPM2_MakeCredential.md), while the attestation
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client will use
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](TPM2_ActivateCredential.md) instead of
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plain asymmetric decryption.
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[`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_MakeCredential.md), while
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the attestation client will use
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_ActivateCredential.md)
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instead of plain asymmetric decryption.
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## Trusted State Attestation
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@ -114,15 +114,15 @@ Typically the attestation protocol will have the client generate a
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signing-only asymmetric public key pair known as the attestation key
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(AK) with which to sign the PCR quote and eventlog. Binding of the
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EKpub and AKpub will happen via
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[`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](TPM2_MakeCredential.md) /
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](TPM2_ActivateCredential.md).
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[`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_MakeCredential.md) /
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_ActivateCredential.md).
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Note that the [`TPM2_Quote()`](TPM2_Quote.md) function produces a signed
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Note that the [`TPM2_Quote()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_Quote.md) function produces a signed
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message -- signed with a TPM-resident AK named by the caller (and to
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which they have access), which would be the AK used in the attestation
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protocol.
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The output of [`TPM2_Quote()`](TPM2_Quote.md) might be the only part of
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The output of [`TPM2_Quote()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_Quote.md) might be the only part of
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a client's messages to the attestation service that include a signature
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made with the AK, but integrity protection of everything else can be
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implied (e.g., the eventlog and PCR values are used to reconstruct the
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@ -140,14 +140,14 @@ digest of the selected PCRs. `TPM2_Quote()` signs all of:
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## Binding of Other Keys to EKpub
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The semantics of [`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](TPM2_MakeCredential.md) /
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](TPM2_ActivateCredential.md) make it
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The semantics of [`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_MakeCredential.md) /
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_ActivateCredential.md) make it
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possible to bind a TPM-resident object to the TPM's EKpub.
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[`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](TPM2_MakeCredential.md) encrypts to the EKpub
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[`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_MakeCredential.md) encrypts to the EKpub
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a small secret datum and the name (digest of public part) of the
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TPM-resident object being bound. The counter-part to this,
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](TPM2_ActivateCredential.md), will decrypt
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_ActivateCredential.md), will decrypt
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that and return the secret to the application IFF (if and only if) the
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caller has access to the named object.
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@ -195,14 +195,14 @@ Let's start with few observations and security considerations:
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timestamps.
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- Replay protection of server to client responses is mostly either not
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needed or implicitly provided by [`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](TMP2_MakeCredential.md)
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needed or implicitly provided by [`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](TPM2_MakeCredential.md)
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because `TPM2_MakeCredential()` generates a secret seed that
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randomizes its outputs even when all the inputs are the same across
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multiple calls to it.
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- Ultimately the protocol *must* make use of
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[`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](TMP2_MakeCredential.md) and
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](TPM2_ActivateCredential.md) in order to
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[`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_MakeCredential.md) and
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_ActivateCredential.md) in order to
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authenticate a TPM-running host via its TPM's EKpub.
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- Privacy protection of client identifiers may be needed, in which case
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@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ protocol:
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(In this diagram we show the use of a TPM simulator on the server side
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for implementing [`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](TPM2_MakeCredential.md).)
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for implementing [`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_MakeCredential.md).)
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The server will validate that the `timestamp` is near the current time,
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the EKcert (if provided, else the EKpub), the signature using the
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@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ desirable anyways for monitoring and alerting purposes.
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(In this diagram we show the use of a TPM simulator on the server side
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for implementing [`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](TPM2_MakeCredential.md).)
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for implementing [`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_MakeCredential.md).)
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NOTE well that in this protocol, like single round trip attestation
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protocols using only decrypt-only EKs, it is *essential* that the AKcert
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@ -291,16 +291,18 @@ necessarily yields a new name.
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> restricted keys. Still, it may be useful to illustrate cryptographic
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> object naming with one particularly important use of it.
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A pair of functions, `TPM2_MakeCredential()` and
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`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`, illustrate the use of cryptographic object
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naming as a binding or a sort of authorization function.
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A pair of functions,
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[`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_MakeCredential.md) and
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_ActivateCredential.md),
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illustrate the use of cryptographic object naming as a binding or a sort
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of authorization function.
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`TPM2_MakeCredential()` can be used to encrypt a datum (a "credential")
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to a target TPM such that the target will _only be willing to decrypt
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it_ if *and only if* the application calling `TPM2_ActivateCredential()`
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to decrypt that credential has access to some key named by the sender,
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and that name is a cryptographic name that the sender can and must
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compute for itself.
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[`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_MakeCredential.md) can be
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used to encrypt a datum (a "credential") to a target TPM such that the
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target will _only be willing to decrypt it_ if *and only if* the
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application calling `TPM2_ActivateCredential()` to decrypt that
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credential has access to some key named by the sender, and that name is
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a cryptographic name that the sender can and must compute for itself.
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The semantics of these two functions can be used to defeat a
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cut-and-paste attack in attestation protocols.
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@ -312,21 +314,21 @@ keys, each with zero, one, or more children keys:
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```
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seed
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v
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/|\
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/ | \
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v v v
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primary key (asymmetric encryption)
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v
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/|\
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/ | \
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v v v
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secondary keys (of any kind)
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v
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/|\
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/ | \
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v v v
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...
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```
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Note that every key has a parent or is a primary key.
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Keys that have no parent are primary keys.
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There are four built-in hierarchies:
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@ -540,21 +542,53 @@ Cryptographic keys can either be unrestricted or restricted.
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An unrestricted signing key can be used to sign arbitrary content.
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An unrestricted decryption key can be used to decrypt arbitrary
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ciphertexts encrypted to that key's public key.
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> NOTE WELL: The endorsement key (EK) is a restricted key.
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### Restricted Signing Keys
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A restricted signing key can be used to sign only TPM-generated content
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as part of specific TPM restricted signing commands. Such content
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always begins with a magic byte sequence. Conversely, the TPM refuses
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to sign externally generated content that starts with that magic byte
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sequence.
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sequence. See the [`TPM2_Certify()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_Certify.md),
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[`TPM2_Quote()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_Quote.md), `TPM2_CertifyCreation()`,
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`TPM2_GetSessionAuditDigest()`, and `TPM2_GetCommandAuditDigest()` TPM
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commands.
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There is also a notion of signing keys that can only be used to sign
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PKIX certificates using `TPM2_CertifyX509()`.
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### Restricted Decryption Keys
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> NOTE WELL: The endorsement key (EK) is a restricted key.
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A restricted decryption key can only be used to decrypt ciphertexts
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whose plaintexts have a certain structure. In particular these are used
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for `TPM2_MakeCredential()`/`TPM2_ActivateCredential()` to allow the
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TPM-using application to get the plaintext if and only if (IFF) the
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plaintext cryptographically names an object that the application has
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access to. This is used to communicate secrets ("credentials") to TPMs.
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for [`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_MakeCredential.md) /
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[`TPM2_ActivateCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_ActivateCredential.md)
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to allow the TPM-using application to get the plaintext if and only if
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(IFF) the plaintext cryptographically names an object that the
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application has access to. This is used to communicate secrets
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("credentials") to TPMs.
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There is also a notion of signing keys that can only be used to sign
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PKIX certificates.
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Another operation that a restricted decryption key can perform is
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[`TPM2_Import()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_Import.md), which decrypts a key
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wrapped to the given decrypt-only key and outputs a file that can be
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loaded with [`TPM2_Load()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_Load.md). The wrapped
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key payload given to [`TPM2_Import()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_Import.md) too
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has a particular structure and is produced by a remote peer using
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[`TPM2_Duplicate()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_Duplicate.md).
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To recap, a restricted decryption key can only be used to:
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- "activate credentials" (made with
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[`TPM2_MakeCredential()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_MakeCredential.md))
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- receive wrapped keys sent by a peer (made with
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[`TPM2_Duplicate()`](/TPM-Commands/TPM2_Duplicate.md))
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## Attestation
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21
TPM-Commands/TPM2_Certify.md
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21
TPM-Commands/TPM2_Certify.md
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@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
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# `TPM2_Certify()`
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`TPM2_Certify()` signs an assertion that some named object is loaded in
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the TPM.
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## Inputs
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- `TPMI_DH_OBJECT objectHandle` (object to be certified)
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- `TPMI_DH_OBJECT signHandle` (handle for a signing key)
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- `TPM2B_DATA qualifyingData` (extra data)
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- `TPMT_SIG_SCHEME inScheme` ("signing scheme to use if the schemefor signHandleis `TPM_ALG_NULL`")
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## Outputs (success case)
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- `TPM2B_ATTEST certifyInfo` (what was signed)
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- `TPMT_SIGNATURE signature` (signature)
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## References
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- [TCG TPM Library part 3: Commands, section 18.2](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/TCG_TPM2_r1p59_Part3_Commands_pub.pdf)
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25
TPM-Commands/TPM2_Duplicate.md
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25
TPM-Commands/TPM2_Duplicate.md
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# `TPM2_Duplicate()`
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`TPM2_Duplicate()` wraps a key, typically encrypting it to a public key
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for a key on a remote TPM.
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I.e., this is used to export a wrapped key for some target, typically a
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remote TPM.
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## Inputs
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- `TPMI_DH_OBJECT objectHandle` (handle for key to encrypt with)
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- `TPMI_DH_OBJECT newParentHandle` (optional; handle for key to wrap to -- "Only the public area of newParentHandle is required to be loaded")
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- `TPM2B_DATA encryptionKeyIn` (optional; symmetric key to encrypt with)
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- `TPMT_SYM_DEF_OBJECT+ symmetricAlg` ("definition for the symmetric algorithm to be used for the inner wrapper")
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## Outputs (success case)
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- `TPM2B_DATA encryptionKeyOut`
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- `TPM2B_PRIVATE duplicate`
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- `TPM2B_ENCRYPTED_SECRET outSymSeed`
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## References
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- [TCG TPM Library part 3: Commands, section 18.4](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/TCG_TPM2_r1p59_Part3_Commands_pub.pdf)
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22
TPM-Commands/TPM2_Import.md
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22
TPM-Commands/TPM2_Import.md
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# `TPM2_Import()`
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`TPM2_Import()` reads a wrapped key produced by
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[`TPM2_Duplicate()`](TPM2_Duplicate.md) and outputs a blob that can be
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saved and later loaded with [`TPM2_Load()`](TPM2_Load.md).
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## Inputs
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- `TPM2B_DATA encryptionKey` (optional; symmetric key to decrypt with)
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- `TPM2B_PUBLIC objectPublic`
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- `TPM2B_PRIVATE duplicate`
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- `TPM2B_ENCRYPTED_SECRET inSymSeed`
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- `TPMT_SYM_DEF_OBJECT+ symmetricAlg`
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## Outputs (success case)
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- `TPM2B_PRIVATE outPrivate`
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## References
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- [TCG TPM Library part 3: Commands, section 13.3](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/TCG_TPM2_r1p59_Part3_Commands_pub.pdf)
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19
TPM-Commands/TPM2_Load.md
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19
TPM-Commands/TPM2_Load.md
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# `TPM2_Load()`
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`TPM2_Load()` loads a saved key.
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## Inputs
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- `TPMI_DH_OBJECT parentHandle`
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- `TPM2B_PRIVATE inPrivate`
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- `TPM2B_PUBLIC inPublic`
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## Outputs (success case)
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- `TPM_HANDLE objectHandle`
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- `TPM2B_NAME name`
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## References
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- [TCG TPM Library part 3: Commands, section 12.2.2](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/TCG_TPM2_r1p59_Part3_Commands_pub.pdf)
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