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Update FLoC article to reflect changed stance
Turns out there's a valid reason to use FLoC.
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*Update: I've amended this post with a valid reason to use the header. More info at the bottom.*
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This post was written in a hurry in response to some misinformation about Google's newest Web antifeature, Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC). Google's FLoC is an attempt to track users even when their browsers (rightly) block third-party cookies. The initial blog posts about this issue were quite benign, but online discussions quickly devolved into panic and support for building flawed work-arounds into upstream software. I had to write this before things got out of hand.
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A lot of misleading online discussion stems from one not-very-misleading blog post¹ that's been making rounds:
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Please, don't spam maintainers of web server/backend software to tell them to include this header by default when it may or may not actually reduce user fingerprints. Don't tell webmasters that they have a *moral obligation* to add a Permissions Policy header either.² You don't need to add this permission policy to every request, just as you don't need to wear a helmet for every form of physical activity. Knee-jerk reactions like patching upstream software only galvanize Google to start ignoring this non-standard usage of the Permissions Policy header.
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## Update: a valid reason to add this header
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Some IRC discussions and a Hacker News commenter have helped me understand a valid reason to add a `Permissions-Policy` header: making a statement. Opting your site out of FLoC might not significantly improve user privacy, but it does send a clear message that you're against it.
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I was initially skeptical of this justification for two reasons:
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1. Google is unlikely to care if most of the non-adtech Web disabled FLoC, since they aren't Google's customers. I could be wrong here.
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2. Most websites won't include the header, so it's unlikely to make a big difference.
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However, I've changed my mind for one reason: if enough people implement this header, then anyone looking at HTTP headers will be reminded of the existence of FLoC. Making a statement like this will help spread awareness. I do maintain that effort is better spent getting users off Chromium and Chromium-dependent browsers, though.
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Normally, I'd be against making a statement in response header fields; messages meant to be parsed by humans should be sent in the body instead. I'm making an exception because `interest-cohort` will likely become an official addition to the Permissions-Policy standard.
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In short: FLoC is a terrible idea partly because "opting out" your site won't significantly improve users' privacy. Opt out of FLoC with the suggested header if you want to make a statement, not because you think you think you're fulfilling your moral obligation to protect your visitors. If you want to fulfill that obligation, **get them off of Chrome and Google.**
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¹ This isn't the only post making rounds, but it did hit the front page of a certain orange-colored website. I'm not blaming the author; if I hadn't encountered the Permissions Policy spec earlier, I probably would have also taken the advice the author read at face-value.
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² I've noticed both of these behaviors on several threads online. I've decided against linking to them because I think the discourse there has heated past the point of reason.
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---
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date: "2021-04-16T17:28:06-07:00"
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description: Recently, people have been telling webmasters to add a Permissions-Policy
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header to their sites to opt out of FLoC; these people don't seem to understand
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how the Permissions-Policy header works.
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header to their sites to opt out of FLoC. The reality of the situation isn't so
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simple.
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outputs:
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- html
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- gemtext
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footnote_heading: Notes
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title: "Misinformation about Permissions Policy and FLoC"
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---
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_Update: I've amended this post with a valid reason to use the header. More info at the bottom._
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This post was [written in a hurry](https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/219878-a-lie-can-run-round-the-world-before-the-truth) in response to some misinformation about Google's newest Web antifeature, Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC). Google's FLoC is an attempt to track users even when their browsers (rightly) block third-party cookies. The initial blog posts about this issue were quite benign, but online discussions quickly devolved into panic and support for building flawed work-arounds into upstream software. I had to write this before things got out of hand.
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A lot of misleading online discussion stems from one not-very-misleading [blog post](https://paramdeo.com/blog/opting-your-website-out-of-googles-floc-network)[^1] that's been making rounds, instructing webmasters everywhere to add the following HTTP response headers to all their pages:
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- Don't load untrusted third-party content that might get classified as an ad (only applies during the origin trial)
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- Don't call `document.interestCohort()`, and don't load third-party scripts that might call it either.
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If you have to resort to adding a Permissions-Policy header to opt your site out of FLoC, it means that you've accidentally opted yourself in by including a tracking script (malware) on your page. I'd wager that opting into FLoC wasn't the only nefarious thing those scripts do; chances are they bundle a host of other fingerprinting measures.
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If you have to resort to adding a `Permissions-Policy` header to opt your site out of FLoC, it means that you've accidentally opted yourself in by including a tracking script (malware) on your page. I'd wager that opting into FLoC wasn't the only nefarious thing those scripts do; chances are they bundle a host of other fingerprinting measures.
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To be extra safe, you can whitelist exactly what scripts can run with a [Content Security Policy](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP) (CSP); seirdy.one, for instance, has a CSP that blocks all scripts, forms, frames, and third-party resources from loading.
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@ -83,6 +85,22 @@ If you want to be extra safe, you're free to add this header to your site. Just
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Please, don't spam maintainers of web server/backend software to tell them to include this header by default when it may or may not actually reduce user fingerprints. Don't tell webmasters that they have a _moral obligation_ to add a Permissions Policy header either.[^2] You don't need to add this permission policy to every request, just as you don't need to wear a helmet for every form of physical activity. Knee-jerk reactions like patching upstream software only galvanize Google to start ignoring this non-standard usage of the Permissions Policy header.
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Update: a valid reason to add this header
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-----------------------------------------
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Some IRC discussions and a Hacker News commenter have helped me understand a valid reason to add a `Permissions-Policy` header: making a statement. Opting your site out of FLoC might not significantly improve user privacy, but it does send a clear message that you're against it.
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I was initially skeptical of this justification for two reasons:
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1. Google is unlikely to care if most of the non-adtech Web disabled FLoC, since they aren't Google's customers. If you work at Google, feel free to prove me wrong.
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2. Most websites won't include the header, so it's unlikely to make a big difference.
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However, I've changed my mind for one reason: if enough people implement this header, then anyone looking at HTTP headers will be reminded of the existence of FLoC. Making a statement like this will help spread awareness. I do maintain that effort is better spent getting users off Chromium and Chromium-dependent browsers, though.
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Normally, I'd be against making a statement in response header fields; messages meant to be parsed by humans should be sent in the body instead. I'm making an exception because `interest-cohort` will likely become an official addition to the Permissions-Policy standard.
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In short: FLoC is a terrible idea partly because "opting out" your site won't significantly improve users' privacy. Opt out of FLoC with the suggested header if you want to make a statement, not because you think you think you're fulfilling your moral obligation to protect your visitors. If you want to fulfill that obligation, **get them off of Chrome and Google.**
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[^1]: This isn't the only post making rounds, but it did hit the front page of a certain orange-colored website. I'm not blaming the author; if I hadn't encountered the Permissions Policy spec earlier, I probably would have also taken the advice the author read at face-value.
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